女性心脏病发作

In 1991, I went to theERwith胸部一周内两次痛苦。他们说是溃疡（在stomach). Then the疼痛became very intense. Again, the ER said there was nothing they could do. I refused to leave and was admitted for observation. Later, thedoctor值班看到我EKG并问：“ 34岁的老人在哪里heart attack?" I had emergencysurgery。However, the damage was done, and only part of my心肌功能。我不得不辞掉我喜欢的工作，我的生活已经完全改变。他们以为我太年轻了，没有heart attack。

女人身体的图片显示心脏病发作如何影响身体

女性心脏病includes a number of problems affecting theheart和bloodvessels in the heart. Types ofheart diseaseinclude:

Coronary artery disease(CAD)is the most common type and is the leading cause ofheart attacks。When you haveCAD, your arteries become hard and narrow. Blood has a hard time getting to the heart, so the heart does not get all the blood it needs.CADcan lead to:

• 心绞痛（an-jeye-nuh）。心绞痛is胸部疼痛or discomfort that happens when the heart does not get enough blood. It may feel like a pressing or squeezing疼痛, often in the chest, but sometimes the疼痛is in the shoulders,手臂s,neck,颚， 或者back. It can also feel like消化不良(胃部不适). Angina is not a heart attack, but having angina means you are more likely to have a heart attack.
• Heart attack.A heart attack occurs when anarteryis severely or completely blocked, and the heart does not get the blood it needs for more than 20 minutes.

Heart failureoccurs when the heart is not able to pump blood through the body as well as it should. This means that other organs, which normally get blood from the heart, do not get enough blood. It does not mean that the heart stops. Signs ofheart failureinclude:

• 气促(feeling like you can't get enough air)
• Swelling infeet，脚踝和腿
• Extremetiredness

心脏心律失常(uh-RITH-mee-uhz)的变化the beat of the heart. Most people have felt dizzy, faint, out of breath or had chest pains at one time. These changes in heartbeat are harmless for most people. As you get older, you are more likely to have arrhythmias. Don'tpanicif you have a few flutters or if your heart races once in a while. If you have flutters and other symptoms such asdizzinessor shortness of breath, call 911 right away.

是的。Among all U.S. women who die each year, one in four dies ofheart disease。In 2004, nearly 60 percent more women died ofcardiovascular disease(bothheart diseaseandstroke) than from allcancerscombined. The older a woman gets, the more likely she is to getheart disease。But women of all ages should be concerned aboutheart disease。所有妇女都应采取措施防止heart disease。

Both men and women have heart attacks, butmore women who have heart attacks die from them.Treatments can limit heart damage but they must be given as soon as possible after a heart attack starts. Ideally, treatment should start within one hour of the first symptoms.

如果您认为自己有心脏病发作，请立即致电911。告诉操作员您的症状，并认为您正在心脏病发作。

是的。African American西班牙裔美国人/拉丁裔妇女应该担心要振作起来疾病because they tend to have more risk factors than white women. These risk factors includeobesity，缺乏体育锻炼，high blood pressure, anddiabetes。If you're a woman of color, take steps to reduce your risk factors.

您可以通过采取以下步骤来减少患心脏病的机会：

Know yourblood pressure。年high blood pressurecan lead to heart disease. People withhigh blood pressure通常没有症状，所以你blood pressure每1到2年检查一次，如果需要，请接受治疗。

Don't smoke.If you smoke, try to quit. If you're having trouble quitting, there are products and programs that can help:

• 尼古丁patches and gums
• 支持小组
• Programs to help you stopsmoking

问你的医生或nurse提供帮助提供信息和疗法以帮助退出smoking。

Get tested fordiabetes。People withdiabeteshave highblood glucose(often called血糖). People with highblood glucose通常没有症状，所以你bloodglucosechecked regularly. Havingdiabetesraises your chances of getting heart disease. If you havediabetes, your doctor will decide if you needdiabetes药丸或胰岛素shots. Your doctor can also help you make a健康吃和exerciseplan.

Get your胆固醇andtriglyceride levels测试。High blood胆固醇(koh-LESS-tur-ol) can clog your arteries and keep your heart from getting the blood it needs. This can cause a heart attack.Triglycerides(treye-GLIH-suh-ryds) are a form offat在你的血液中。高水平triglyceridesare linked to heart disease in some people. People with high blood cholesterol or high bloodtriglyceridesoften have no symptoms, so have both levels checked regularly. If your levels are high, talk to your doctor about what you can do to lower them. You may be able to lower your both levels by eating better and exercising more. Your doctor may prescribemedicationto help lower your cholesterol.

保持健康的体重。Being超重raises your risk for heart disease. Calculate yourBody Mass Index(BMI）看看您是否体重很健康。健康foodchoices and physical activity are important to staying at a healthy weight:

• 首先在您的中添加更多水果，蔬菜和全谷物diet。
• 每周，旨在至少进行2小时30分钟的中等体育锻炼，1小时15分钟的剧烈体育锻炼，或中度和剧烈活动的结合。

If you drink酒精，将其限制为不超过一杯（一只12盎司beer, one 5 ounce glass of wine, or one 1.5 ounce shot of hard liquor) a day.

Find healthy ways to cope withstress。降低你的stresslevel by talking to your friends, exercising, or writing in a journal.

Take action to reduce heart disease risk:

1. Be physically active
2. Don't smoke
3. Eat healthy
4. 保持正常体重
5. Know your numbers (blood pressure, cholesterol, andtriglycerides)

Blood pressure is the force your blood makes against the walls of your arteries. The pressure is highest when your heart pumps blood into your arteries – when it beats. It is lowest between heart beats, when your heart relaxes. A doctor or nurse will write down your blood pressure as the higher number over the lower number. For instance, you could have a blood pressure of 110/70 (read as "110 over 70"). A blood pressure reading below 120/80 is usually considered normal. Very低血压(lower than 90/60) can sometimes be a cause of concern and should be checked out by a doctor.

High blood pressure， 或者hypertension，是血压读数为140/90或更高。年high blood pressurecan damage artery walls, causing them to become stiff and narrow. This includes the arteries carrying blood to the heart. As a result, your heart cannot get the blood it needs to work well. This can cause a heart attack.

A blood pressure reading of 120/80 to 139/89 is consideredprehypertension。这意味着您没有high blood pressurenow but are likely to develop it in the future.

If you havehypertensionorprehypertension，您可能能够降低您的

blood pressure by:

• losing weight if you are超重Orobese
• 每周至少进行2小时30分钟的中等体育锻炼或1小时15分钟的剧烈活动。
• 将酒精限制为每天喝一杯
• quittingsmokingif you smoke
• 减少stress
• 遵循破折号（饮食方法停止高血压) Eating Plan, which includes cutting down onsaltandsodiumand eating healthy foods, such as fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products

如果生活方式改变不会降低血压，您的医生可能会开药。

胆固醇is a waxy物质found in cells in all parts of the body. When there is too much cholesterol in your blood, cholesterol can build up on the walls of your arteries and causeblood clots。胆固醇可以阻塞动脉，并防止您的心脏获得所需的血液。这可能会引起心脏病发作。

There are two types of cholesterol:

• Low-density脂蛋白(LDL) is often called the "bad" type of cholesterol because it can clog the arteries that carry blood to your heart. For LDL, lower numbers are better.
• 高密度脂蛋白（HDL）被称为“好”胆固醇，因为它使不良胆固醇从您的血液中取出，并防止其在动脉中积聚。为了HDL, higher numbers are better.

所有20岁及20岁以上的妇女都应有血液胆固醇，并且triglyceride levelschecked at least once every 5 years.

总胆固醇水平 - 较低。少于200 mg/dl是最好的。
总胆固醇水平	Category
Less than 200 mg/dl	Desirable
200-239 mg/dl	边界高
240 mg/dl	High

LDL（坏）胆固醇 - 较低。少于100 mg/dl是最好的。
LDL Cholesterol Level	Category
Less than 100 mg/dl	Optimal
100-129 mg/dl	Near optimal/above optimal
130 - 159 mg/dl	边界高
160-189 mg/dl	High
190毫克/分升and above	很高

HDL(good) cholesterol- Higher is better. More than 60mg/dL is best.

甘油三酸酯水平- Lower is better. Less than 150mg/dL is best.

You can lower your cholesterol by taking these steps:

保持健康的体重。If you are超重，减肥可以帮助降低您的总胆固醇和LDL（“不良胆固醇”）水平。计算您的体重指数（BMI）看看您是否体重很健康。If not, try making small changes like eating an apple instead of potato chips, taking the stairs instead of the elevator, or parking farther away from the entrance to your office, the grocery store, or the mall. (But be sure to park in a safe, well-lit spot.)

Eat better.Eat foods low in saturatedfats, transfats, and cholesterol.

Eat more:

• Fish, poultry (chicken, turkey--胸部最好的肉或鼓槌）和瘦肉（round, sirloin, tenderloin). Broil, bake, roast, or poach foods. Remove the fat andskinbefore eating.
• 脱脂（无脂肪）或低脂（1％）牛奶和奶酪，以及低脂或非脂肪酸奶
• 水果和蔬菜（每天尝试5次）
• Cereals, breads, rice, and pasta made from whole grains (such as "whole-wheat" or "whole-grain" bread and pasta, rye bread, brown rice, and oatmeal)

Eat less:

• Organ肉（liver,kidney, brains)
• Eggyolks
• Fats (butter, lard) and oils
• Packaged and processed foods

There are two diets that may help lower your cholesterol:

• Heart HealthyDiet
• TherapeuticLifestyles Changes (TLC)Diet

动起来。Exercisecan help lower LDL ("bad cholesterol") and raise HDL ("good cholesterol").Exerciseat a moderate intensity for at least 2 hours and 30 minutes each week, or get 1 hour and 15 minutes of vigorous intensity physical activity each week.

• Take your medicine. If your doctor has prescribed medicine to lower your cholesterol, take it exactly as you have been told to.

Heart disease often has no symptoms. But, there are some signs to watch for. Chest or手臂疼痛or discomfort can be a症状of heart disease and a warningsign心脏病发作。呼吸急促（感觉您无法获得足够的空气），头晕，恶心(feeling sick to your stomach),异常heartbeats, or feeling verytired也是迹象。如果您有这些症状，请与您的医生交谈。告诉您的医生您担心自己的心。您的医生会带medical history, do a physical exam, and may order tests.

为了both women and men, the most common sign of a heart attack is:

• 疼痛or discomfort in the center of the chest. The pain or discomfort can be mild or strong. It can last more than a few minutes, or it can go away and come back.

Other common signs of a heart attack include:

• 疼痛or discomfort in one or both arms, back, neck, jaw, or stomach
• 气促(feeling like you can't get enough air). The shortness of breath often occurs before or along with the chest pain or discomfort.
• Nausea (feeling sick to your stomach) orvomiting
• Feeling faint or woozy
• 爆发寒冷的sweat

女性比男性更有可能拥有其他常见的心脏病发作迹象，尤其是呼吸急促，恶心or vomiting, and pain in the back, neck, or jaw. Women are also more likely to have less common signs of a heart attack, including:

• Heartburn
• Loss of appetite
• Feeling tired or weak
• 咳嗽
• Heart flutters

Sometimes the signs of a heart attack happen suddenly, but they can also develop slowly, over hours, days, and even weeks before a heart attack occurs.

您拥有的心脏病发作越多，您的心脏病发作的可能性就越大。另外，如果您已经患有心脏病发作，那么您的症状可能不会相同。即使您不确定自己有心脏病发作，您仍然应该检查一下。

If you think you, or someone else, may be having a heart attack, wait no more than a few minutes - five at most - before calling 911.

If your dad or brother had a heart attack before age 55, or if your mom or sister had one before age 65, you're more likely to develop heart disease. This does not mean you will have a heart attack. It means you should take extra good care of your heart to keep it healthy.

Most people have changes in their heartbeat from time to time. These changes in heartbeat are, for most people, harmless. As you get older, you're more likely to have heartbeats that feel different. Don't panic if you have a few flutters or if your heart races once in a while.如果您有疲倦和其他症状，例如dizzinessor shortness of breath (feeling like you can't get enough air), call 911.

阿司匹林可能对有高风险的女性有帮助，例如已经患有心脏病的女性。阿司匹林可以很认真副作用and may be harmful when mixed with certain medicines. If you're thinking about taking aspirin, talk to your doctor first. If your doctor thinks aspirin is a good choice for you, be sure to take it exactly as your doctor tells you to.

出生controlpills is generally safe for young, healthy women if they do not smoke. Butbirth controlpills can pose heart disease risks for some women, especially women older than 35; women with high blood pressure, diabetes, orhigh cholesterol; and women who smoke. Talk with your doctor if you have questions about药丸。

如果你要去birth controlpills, watch for signs of trouble, including:

• 眼睛问题例如模糊的Ordouble Vision
• 上半身和手臂疼痛
• Bad头痛
• 问题breathing
• Spitting up blood
• Swelling or pain in the腿
• 皮肤或眼睛泛黄
• Breast lumps
• 不寻常（不正常）vaginal bleeding

如果您有这些症状，请致电911。

The patch is generally safe for young, healthy women. The patch can pose heart disease risks for some women, especially women older than 35; women with high blood pressure, diabetes, orhigh cholesterol; and women who smoke.

最近的研究展示that women who use the patch may be exposed to moreestrogenthan women who use the birth controlpill。Estrogen is thefemalehormonein birth control pills and the patch that keeps you fromgetting pregnant。Research is underway to see if the risk forblood clots在p更高atch users. Blood clots can lead to heart attack orstroke。Talk with your doctor if you have questions about the patch.

If you're using the patch, watch for signs of trouble, including:

• 眼睛问题such as blurred ordouble vision
• 上半身和手臂疼痛
• Bad头痛
• 问题breathing
• Spitting up blood
• Swelling or pain in the leg
• 皮肤或眼睛泛黄
• Breast lumps
• 不寻常（不正常）bleeding from yourvagina

如果您有这些症状，请致电911。

Menopausalhormone therapy(MHT) can help with some symptoms ofmenopause, including热闪烁,阴道干燥，情绪波动，骨loss, but there are risks, too. For some women, taking hormones can increase their chances of having a heart attack orstroke。If you decide to use hormones, use them at the lowest dose that helps for the shortest time needed. Talk with your doctor if you have questions about MHT.

为了more information on heart disease, please call womenshealth.gov at 1-800-994-9662 or contact the following organizations:

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)
Phone Number(s): (301) 592-8573
Internet Address:
www.nhlbi.nih.gov/index.htm

国家胆固醇教育计划
国家心脏，肺和血液研究所（NHLBI）
Internet Address:
www.nhlbi.nih.gov/about/ncep

国家高血压教育计划
国家心脏，肺和血液研究所（NHLBI）
Internet Address:
www.nhlbi.nih.gov/about/nhbpep/index.htm

Act In Time to Heart Attack Signs Campaign
国家心脏病预警程序
国家心脏，肺和血液研究所（NHLBI）
Phone Number(s): (301) 592-8573
Internet Address:
www.nhlbi.nih.gov/actintime

The Heart Truth
National Awareness Campaign for Women about Heart Disease
国家心脏，肺和血液研究所（NHLBI）
Internet Address:
www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/hearttruth/index.htm

American Heart协会
电话号码：（800）242-8721
Internet Address:
www.americanheart.org

WomenHeart
Phone Number(s): (202) 728-7199
Internet Address:
www.womenheart.org