Ketoconazole

Ketoconazole用于治疗某些严重fungal感染s在the body. Ketoconazole belongs to the class of drugs called azole antifungals. It works by stopping the growth of the菌.

• Ketoconazole should not be used to treat fungal infections on the皮肤和nails due to the risk of serious side effects and drug interactions. Talk to your医生about other medications you can use to treat these types of感染.
• Ketoconazole is available under the following different brand names:Nizoral.

Dosages of Ketoconazole:

成人和小儿Dosage Forms and Strengths

Tablet

• 200毫克

Dosage Considerations – Should be Given as Follows:

Fungal Infections

Indicated for the treatment of the followingsystemicfungal infections in patients who have failed or who are intolerant to other therapies:爆术,球菌病,histoplasmosis，铬菌病和副菌病菌病

• Adult: 200-400 mg/day orally
• 2岁以下的儿童：未建立安全性和功效
• Children 2 years old and older: 3.3-6.6 mg/kg/day orally

剂量修饰

肾脏impairment: No dosage modifications provided in manufacturer's labeling

肝impairment

• No dosage modifications were provided in the manufacturer's labeling
• 如果在治疗过程中发生肝毒性（肝毒性）（alt高于UNL或ALT 30％以上的水平基线）：中断剂量并订购一套肝tests

库欣综合症（关闭标签）

使用标签抑制库什患者的类固醇发生综合征

• 600-800 mg/day orally
• Used rarely and often toxic at doses required to reducecortisolsecretion

经常性Tinea Versicolor (Off-label)

• 400毫克口腔每月

剂量考虑

• 不要使用片剂作为一线治疗；仅在其他有效时才使用antifungal治疗不可用或耐受性，并认为潜在的好处超过了肝毒性的潜力
• Avoid prescribing tablets to treat skin andnail由于严重肝脏损害的风险，真菌感染，肾上腺problems, and harmful interactions with other medicines that outweigh its benefit in treating these conditions, which are not approved uses of the drug (these indications were removed from labeling by theFDA2013年）
• Do not use for fungalmeningitisbecause of poor penetration into thecerebrospinal fluid(CSF)

酮康唑的常见副作用包括：

• Nausea和呕吐
• 瘙痒或皮肤rash
• 腹部或者胃pain

酮康唑不太常见的副作用包括：

• Hair loss
• 头痛
• 头晕
• 高水平胖的在里面blood(hyperlipidemia)
• 睡意
• Fever
• 发冷
• Bulging fontanelles
• Depression
• 肿breast组织在males
• 腹泻
• 阳ot
• 低的bloodplatelet count(血小板减少症)
• 低的white blood cell count(leukopenia)
• Hemolytic anemia
• Erythema multiforme
• Orthostatic hypotension
• 黄色的皮肤和眼睛（黄疸)
• Indigestion
• Changes intaste
• 肝损害
• Decreasedplateletcount
• Dry skin
• 灵敏度阳光
• Loss of interest in sex

酮康唑的严重副作用包括：

• Vision changes
• Mental/mood changes (such as depression, thoughts of自杀)

本文档不包含所有可能的副作用，可能还会发生其他副作用。与您的联系医师for additional information about side effects.

如果您的医生指示您使用此药物, your doctor orpharmacist可能已经意识到任何可能的药物相互作用，并可能正在为您监视您。在与医生检查之前，请勿开始，停止或更换任何药物的剂量，健康护理提供者或药剂师首先。

• Ketoconazole has severe interactions with at least 33 different drugs.
• 酮康唑与至少202种不同的药物有严重的相互作用。
• 酮康唑与至少241种不同的药物具有中等相互作用。
• Ketoconazole has mild interactions with at least 105 different drugs.

这个信息不包含所有可能的interactions or adverse effects. Therefore, before using this product, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the products you use. Keep a list of all your medications with you, and share this information with your doctor and pharmacist. Check with your health care professional or doctor for additional medical advice, or if you have health questions, concerns, or for more information about this medicine.

Warnings

• 仅当其他有效的抗真菌疗法不可用或耐受性时才应使用平板电脑，并且潜在的好处被认为超过了潜在风险
• 肝损害(hepatotoxicity) has occurred with口服use, including some fatalities or requiring liver transplantation; reported with oral administration of the drug; some patients had no obvious risk factors for肝病
• May cause QT prolongation; coadministration with dofetilide, quinidine, pimozide, cisapride,methadone, disopyramide, dronedarone, and ranolazine is contraindicated; ketoconazole can cause elevatedplasma这些药物的浓度（通过CYP3A4抑制）并可能延长QT间隔，有时会导致威胁生命ventriculardysrhythmias such as torsades de pointes
• 这种药物含有酮康唑。不采取Nizoralif you are allergic to ketoconazole or any ingredients contained in this drug
• 请将本品放在儿童不能接触的地方。如果服用过量，请获得医疗帮助或联系毒物控制中心immediately

Contraindications

• 超敏反应
• Contraindicated with dofetilide, quinidine, pimozide, cisapride, methadone, disopyramide, dronedarone, and ranolazine; can cause elevated plasma concentrations of these drugs and may prolong QT intervals, sometimes resulting in life-threatening ventricular dysrhythmias (e.g., torsades de pointes)
• Concurrent therapy with cisapride,麦角derivatives, or triazolam (fatalcardiacarrhythmias may occur)
• 急性或者慢性的肝disease
• CYP3A4代谢HMG-COA还原酶抑制剂（例如，辛伐他汀,lovastatin); ketoconazole inhibits CYP3A4 and may increase risk of肌病associated with他汀类药物

吸毒的影响

• 没有提供信息

短期影响

• See "What Are Side Effects Associated with Using Ketoconazole?"

Long-Term Effects

• See "What Are Side Effects Associated with Using Ketoconazole?"

警告

• 不要使用片剂作为一线治疗；仅在其他有效时才使用antifungal therapy is not available or tolerated and the potential benefits are considered to outweigh the potential of liver damage (hepatotoxicity)
• Avoid prescribing tablets to treat skin and nail fungal infections owing to the risk of serious liver damage, adrenal腺问题以及与其他药物相互作用的有害相互作用，这些药物不受批准使用该疾病（这些指示已从FDA在2013年从标签中删除）
• 超敏反应
• 报告的肝损伤（肝毒性）报道，包括死亡或肝移植
• Ketoconazole decreases the代谢口服咪达唑仑，口服三唑仑或alprazolam和may result in prolonged hypnotic and镇静剂效果
• CYP3A4代谢HMG-COA还原酶抑制剂（例如，辛伐他汀，lovastatin）的共同给药增加了肌病的风险
• 雄性乳腺组织增大的潜力（雄性Gynecomastia) (the drug has anti-和rogenicactivity)
• 肾上腺功能不全：
  • 减少肾上腺corticosteroid分泌剂量400毫克或更高
  • This effect is not shared with other azoles
  • 不要超过建议的200-400毫克/天的建议剂量
  • 监测肾上腺功能不全或边缘肾上腺功能的患者的肾上腺功能压力（例如。，重大的surgery,重症监护室)

怀孕和Lactation

• Use ketoconazole with caution during pregnancy if benefits outweigh risks
• 动物研究show风险和人类研究不可用，或者没有动物或人类研究
• Ketoconazole entersbreast milk;之前咨询您的医生哺乳