综述了在6/11/2021
其他名称:

醋酸钙,天冬氨酸钙,骨粉,足球,醋酸钙,天冬氨酸钙、碳酸钙、钙螯合物,氯化钙苹果酸、柠檬酸钙、柠檬酸钙、钙D-Gluconate,钙Disuccinate,葡萄糖酸钙,甘油磷酸钙、磷酸氢钙、钙羟磷灰石,乳酸钙,钙Lactogluconate Orotate钙、磷酸钙、硫酸钙、碳酸钙de钙螯合钙,Chlorure de钙,柠檬酸钙,柠檬酸苹果酸钙,Coquilles d 'Huitres Moulues, Coquilles d ' œ超滤,磷酸氢钙,Di-Calcium磷酸盐、白云石、蛋壳钙、葡萄糖酸钙,甘油磷酸盐de钙加热牡蛎Shell-Seaweed钙、羟磷灰石,乳酸钙,Lactogluconate de钙,MCHA、MCHC,微晶羟磷灰石,Orotate de钙、骨胶原羟磷灰石,牡蛎壳,贝壳钙、磷钙,磷酸de Hydrogene钙磷酸盐de Di-Calcium磷酸三钙,Poudre d魄,硫酸de钙、磷酸三钙。

概述

是一种矿物质,钙是骨骼和牙齿的重要部分。心脏、神经、凝血系统也需要钙。

钙口服治疗和预防造成的低钙含量和骨条件包括肌肉痉挛(潜在的强直),骨质疏松症(由于低骨密度)骨质疏松、佝偻病(条件涉及儿童的骨质软化),和软骨病(软化骨骼的疼痛)。钙也是口服预防跌倒和防止高水平的甲状旁腺激素(甲状旁腺功能亢进)。也口服经前期综合征(PMS),腿抽筋和抑郁症在怀孕,在怀孕高血压(子痫前期),并改善宝宝的骨骼发育。钙是用来降低患癌症的风险,中风和心血管疾病,增加心脏病发作后生存,帮助老年人保持牙齿,帮助减肥。

有些人采取口服钙,防止腹泻,痉挛由于突然减少钙的水平。也是口服预防肠道搭桥手术后并发症,高血压、高胆固醇、糖尿病、代谢综合征,莱姆病,减少儿童很高浓度的氟化物,并减少铅水平高。钙是用来防止维生素B12缺乏相关的药物二甲双胍。它还可以用于增加生存的人心脏病发作了。

碳酸钙是口服的抗酸剂“心痛”。钙carbonate and calcium acetate are also taken by mouth to reduce phosphate levels in people with kidney disease.

钙作为漱口水,以防止和减少疼痛和肿胀化疗后口腔内部。钙是静脉注射(IV)钙含量非常低的血液和相关症状。它也用于血液中钾含量高,肌肉痉挛的蜘蛛咬伤后,在CPR(心肺复苏术)。葡萄糖酸钙和葡庚糖酸盐可以注射一针如果钙不能由第四。富含钙的食物包括牛奶和乳制品,羽衣甘蓝和花椰菜,以及高钙柑橘类果汁、矿泉水、带骨的罐装鱼、豆制品加工和钙。

钙可以与很多处方药,但有时效果可以最小化通过钙在不同的时间。看到一节“有与药物相互作用吗?”

它是如何工作的呢?

骨骼和牙齿中含有超过99%的钙在人体内。血液中的钙还发现,肌肉和其他组织。钙的骨骼可以作为储备,可以释放到身体。钙在体内的浓度会下降随着年龄的增长,因为它是通过汗水从身体释放出来,皮肤细胞,和浪费。此外,随着女性年龄的增长,吸收的钙往往由于降低雌激素水平下降。钙的吸收可以取决于种族、性别和年龄。

骨头总是分解和重建,这一过程所需的钙。采取额外的钙质有助于骨骼重建正确和保持强劲。

幻灯片

骨质疏松症对强健骨骼与超级食物的照片看幻灯片

使用&有效性

有效的…

  • 消化不良。以碳酸钙口服为抗酸剂是有效治疗消化不良。
  • 血液中高浓度的钾(血钾过高)。给葡萄糖酸钙静脉注射(IV)可以逆转心脏病引起高钾血症条件的血液中有过多的钾。
  • 低水平的血液中的钙(低血钙症)。服用钙口服有效的治疗和防止低血钙症。同时,给予静脉注射(IV)钙是有效的治疗非常低水平的钙。
  • 肾功能衰竭。碳酸钙或乙酸钙口服有效控制高磷水平在肾功能衰竭患者血液中。柠檬酸钙不是有效的治疗这种疾病。

可能有效的…

  • 削弱了骨头(骨质疏松症)皮质类固醇药物引起的。服用钙和维生素D似乎减少骨矿物质的损失在人们长期使用皮质类固醇药物。
  • 甲状旁腺障碍(甲状旁腺功能亢进)。通过口服钙而减少肾衰竭患者的甲状旁腺激素水平和甲状旁腺激素水平过高。
  • 骨质疏松症。服用钙口服有效的预防和治疗骨质疏松和骨质疏松症。大多数骨生长发生在青少年时期,然后在女性骨骼强度保持大致相同,直到30 - 40岁。40岁后,骨质流失通常发生在每年0.5%到1%的利率。在男性,这几十年后发生骨质疏松。有更多的骨质流失,如果低于推荐量获得钙的饮食。这是非常常见的在美国。可以减少骨质流失超过40岁的女性服用钙补充剂。一些研究人员估计,绝经后服用钙30年来可能导致骨强度提高了10%和50%的总体减少骨破坏的速率。
  • 减少经前综合症的症状(PMS)。似乎有一种低膳食钙摄入量与经前综合症的症状。每天摄入钙似乎显著减少情绪波动,腹胀,对食物的渴望,和痛苦。同时,增加钙的饮食似乎防止经前综合症。女性平均消耗1283毫克/天钙的食物似乎约30%患经前综合症的风险比女性低消耗的平均钙529毫克/天。服用钙补充剂,但似乎并没有阻止经前综合症。

可能有效的…

  • 结肠直肠癌。研究表明,高摄入饮食或补充钙降低结直肠癌的风险。然而,一些相互矛盾的证据。这可能是由于不同的血液中维生素D水平低水平的维生素D的人似乎并不受益于补钙。
  • 增加对胎儿骨骼强度。孕妇吃低钙作为饮食的一部分,钙补充剂会增加胎儿的骨矿物质密度。然而,这似乎并不有利于女性正常的钙含量。
  • 氟中毒。服用口服钙和维生素C和维生素D补充剂,似乎降低氟化水平和改善儿童氟中毒的症状。
  • 高胆固醇。服用钙补充剂和低脂或低卡路里饮食似乎适度降低胆固醇。单独摄取钙,而不限制饮食,似乎并没有降低胆固醇。
  • 高血压。服用钙补充剂似乎略有降低血压(通常约1 - 2毫米汞柱)在有或没有高血压的人群中。钙似乎在食盐过敏的人,最好的工作的人通常很少得到钙。通过口服钙而似乎也有利于降低血压在患有严重的肾病。
  • 孕期高血压(子痫前期)。每日服用1 - 2克钙口服似乎减少妊娠相关高血压。钙似乎降低高血压的风险在怀孕约50%。钙似乎最大的影响在高危妇女和妇女钙含量较低。
  • 牙齿脱落。服用钙和维生素D的嘴似乎帮助老年人预防牙齿脱落。
  • 减肥。成人和儿童与低钙摄入更有可能增加体重,身体质量指数(BMI)更高,相比,超重或肥胖的人高钙的摄入量。研究人员研究了是否增加钙的摄入量可以帮助减肥。一些临床研究表明,增加钙的乳制品消费,如酸奶、增加体重,瘦体重和体脂肪损失人们低卡路里的饮食以及定期unrestricted-calorie饮食。同时,服用钙剂和维生素D似乎增加减肥的钙摄入不足的人。钙补充剂似乎不增加体重的人足够的钙摄入量。此外,钙似乎并不在不超重的人增加体重。

可能是无效的……

  • 乳腺癌。一些研究表明,女性多吃钙降低患乳腺癌的风险。然而,其他研究表明,血钙水平与患乳腺癌的风险。总的来说,大多数研究表明,服用钙不降低乳腺癌的风险。
  • 心脏病。大多数研究表明,钙补充剂没有关联,在健康的人患心脏病的风险。
  • 心脏病。早期研究表明,消耗更多的饮食中钙的人患心脏病的风险较低。但是,补钙对心脏病风险的影响尚不清楚。一些研究表明,钙补充剂增加心脏病发作的风险。其他研究显示没有影响。也许有些人当别人不风险增加。例如,人作为一个补充钙可能会增加风险。另一方面,服用钙和维生素D的人似乎并不会增加风险。人也注意补钙和消费超过805毫克/天的钙作为饮食的一部分,可能会增加风险,而人在他们的饮食补充和消耗更少钙可能不会。

证据不足率效果……

  • 癌症。研究表明,服用钙并不能降低癌症的风险。服用钙和维生素D可能降低癌症的风险在某些人,但结果是矛盾的。一些研究表明,每日服用1400 - 1500毫克的钙+每天1100国际单位的维生素D3(维生素D3)降低60%罹患癌症的风险在健康老年妇女血液水平较低的维生素D治疗之前。但是其他的研究表明,每日服用1500毫克的钙+ 2000 IU的维生素D3(维生素D3)每日不降低罹患癌症的风险在健康老年妇女有足够的治疗前水平的维生素D。
  • 糖尿病。一些早期的研究表明,消耗更多的钙从饮食或补充,单独或结合维生素D,降低患2型糖尿病的风险。
  • 高水平的领导在血液里。一些研究表明,服用钙补充剂不降低血液中铅的含量。然而,其他研究表明,服用钙降低血铅水平11%。
  • 子宫内膜癌。服用钙补充剂可能会患子宫内膜癌的风险降低。然而,膳食钙似乎并没有任何好处。
  • 预防跌倒。证据表明,钙加维生素D可能有助于防止下降减少身体摇摆,有助于保持血压正常。钙本身似乎并没有效果。有趣的是,似乎钙加维生素D预防跌倒的女性,而不是男性。
  • 中风。有证据表明,增加钙的摄入量的饮食可能降低患中风的风险。其他证据表明,增加钙的摄入量并不降低中风的危险。
  • 代谢综合征。一些证据表明,消耗更多的从饮食和补充钙,单独或结合维生素D,降低了患代谢综合征的风险。
  • 维生素B12缺乏引起的药物二甲双胍。服用钙补充剂可能会减少维生素B12缺乏引起的糖尿病药物二甲双胍。
  • 溃疡口腔内壁。证据表明,使用漱口水含有磷酸钙(Caphosol, EUSA制药公司)结合氟化物治疗降低患者口腔溃疡疼痛的持续时间将干细胞移植。
  • 卵巢癌。早期的证据表明,高血钙水平与降低卵巢癌的风险。然而,其他早期研究表明,膳食钙摄入量并不与卵巢癌的风险。
  • 怀孕后抑郁(产后抑郁症)。早期的研究表明,每日服用钙,在怀孕初乳周,减少抑郁12但不是6周后交付。
  • 与怀孕有关的腿抽筋。早期的研究表明,钙可以帮助防止腿抽筋下半年怀孕。
  • 前列腺癌。研究钙如何影响患前列腺癌的风险显示冲突的结果。一些研究表明,每日服用钙补充剂降低前列腺癌的风险。然而,其他研究表明,钙摄入量之间没有联系,患前列腺癌的风险。
  • 癫痫发作。早期研究表明,钙可以帮助控制癫痫发作突然下降导致血液中钙的水平。
  • 莱姆病
  • 其他条件
需要更多的证据来率钙对这些使用的有效性。

无效的……

  • 心脏骤停。证据表明,钙在心脏骤停不会增加生存和行政实际上可能恶化复苏的机会。

天然药物数据库综合利率有效性基于科学证据显示以下规模:有效,可能有效,可能有效,可能无效,可能效果不彰,证据不足(详细描述每个评级的)。

副作用

钙是可能的安全对于大多数人来说,口服或静脉注射(IV)和适当的。钙可能会导致一些轻微副作用如嗳气或气体。

钙是可能不安全对成人和儿童在高剂量口服。避免过多的钙。医学研究所设置每日容许上层摄入量水平(UL)钙基于年龄:年龄0 - 6个月,1000毫克;6 - 12个月,1500毫克;1 - 8年,2500毫克;9到18年,3000毫克;年以上摄入2500毫克;51 +年,2000毫克。更高的剂量增加的机会有严重的副作用,如血钙水平过高和乳碱综合征,是一种会导致肾结石、肾功能衰竭和死亡。也有担心,补充钙会增加心脏病发作的危险。 Some research shows that taking calcium, often in amounts over the recommended daily intake level of 1000-1300 mg per day, is linked with an increased risk of heart attack in older people. But other research suggests there is no connection between calcium supplementation and heart attack risk. It may be that some groups have an increased risk while others do not. Continue consuming adequate amounts of calcium to meet daily requirements, but avoid excessive amounts of calcium. Be sure to consider total calcium intake from both dietary and supplemental sources and try not to exceed 1000-1200 mg of calcium per day. To figure out dietary calcium, count 300 mg/day from non-dairy foods plus 300 mg/cup of milk or fortified orange juice. Also, if calcium supplements need to be taken along with dietary calcium, consider taking ones that provide calcium along with vitamin D.

特别的预防措施和警告:

怀孕和哺乳:钙可能的安全口服时建议在怀孕和母乳喂养。没有足够的可用信息的安全使用静脉注射(IV)钙在怀孕和母乳喂养。

在胃里酸含量低(胃酸缺乏症)。低水平的患者胃酸少吸收钙钙是否空腹服用。然而,低酸水平在胃里没有出现减少钙的吸收如果钙食物。建议患有胃酸缺乏症与餐服用钙补充剂。

血液中高浓度的磷酸磷酸(高磷血症)或低水平的血液中(低磷酸盐血):钙和磷酸盐在体内平衡。服用过多的钙会把这种平衡,造成伤害。不采取额外的钙没有你的健康提供者的监管。

甲状腺不够活跃(甲状腺机能减退):钙可以干扰甲状腺激素替代治疗。单独的钙和甲状腺药物至少4小时。

血液中过多的钙(如甲状旁腺疾病和结节病):钙应该避免如果你有其中的一个条件。

可怜的肾功能:钙补充剂会增加血液中钙太多的风险在肾脏功能不好的人。

吸烟:少吸烟的人吸收钙的胃。

中风:早期的研究表明,老年妇女有中风,服用钙补充剂5年或以上可能增加患痴呆症的几率。还需要更多的研究来确定钙补充剂应该避免那些中风了。

问题

骨质疏松症的另一个医学术语是什么?看到答案

的相互作用


头孢曲松钠(Rocephin)交互评级:主要不要把这个组合。

管理静脉注射头孢曲松(Rocephin)和钙可能导致危及生命的损伤肺和肾脏。钙不应在48小时内给予静脉注射静脉注射头孢曲松(Rocephin)。


Dolutegravir (Tivicay)交互评级:主要不要把这个组合。

Dolutegravir (Tivicay)是一种用于治疗艾滋病的药物。服用钙连同dolutegravir (Tivicay)可以减少血液中的dolutegravir (Tivicay)。从理论上讲,这可能减少的影响dolutegravir (Tivicay)。为了避免这种交互,dolutegravir (Tivicay)应采取前2小时或6小时后服用钙。


Elvitegravir (Vitekta)交互评级:主要不要把这个组合。

Elvitegravir (Vitekta)是一种用于治疗艾滋病的药物。服用钙连同elvitegravir (Vitekta)可以减少血液中的elvitegravir (Vitekta)。从理论上讲,这可能减少的影响elvitegravir (Vitekta)。为了避免这种交互,elvitegravir (Vitekta)应采取前2小时或2小时后服用钙。


铝盐交互评级:温和的小心这个组合。跟你的健康提供者。

柠檬酸钙会增加多少铝用氢氧化铝时你的身体吸收。铝含量的增加可能成为有毒的肾脏疾病的人。然而,并不是所有形式的钙造成这种效果。醋酸钙不会增加铝的吸收。


抗生素(喹诺酮抗生素)交互评级:温和的小心这个组合。跟你的健康提供者。

抗生素身体吸收钙可能会减少多少。服用钙以及一些被称为“喹诺酮类抗生素可能会降低它们的有效性。为了避免这种相互作用,服用这些药物之前至少2小时,或者4到6小时后补钙。

一些可能与钙包括环丙沙星(喹诺酮抗生素环丙沙星)、左氧氟沙星(Levaquin)、氧氟沙星(Floxin)、莫西沙星(Avelox),氟哌酸(Tequin),gemifloxacin (假想),和其他人。


抗生素(四环素抗生素)交互评级:温和的小心这个组合。跟你的健康提供者。

在胃里,钙可以绑定一些抗生素四环素。这减少的四环素可以吸收。服用钙与四环素可能减少四环素的有效性。为了避免这种相互作用,服用钙片前至少2小时或4到6小时后服用四环素。

一些四环素包括地美环素(去甲基四环素),二甲胺四环素(美满霉素),四环素(四环素等)。


磷酸盐交互评级:温和的小心这个组合。跟你的健康提供者。

钙可以减少身体吸收多少酮糖。随着酮糖摄取钙可以减少酮糖的有效性。为了避免这种互动,把二磷酸盐至少30分钟钙或之前,最好是在一天中的不同时间。

一些磷酸盐治疗包括alendronate (福善美),etidronate (Didronel),ibandronate (Boniva),risedronate (Actonel),tiludronate (Skelid),和其他人。


Calcipotriene (Dovonex)交互评级:温和的小心这个组合。跟你的健康提供者。

Calcipotriene (Dovonex)是一种类似于维生素D。维生素D的药物可以帮助你的身体吸收钙。服用钙补充剂连同calcipotriene (Dovonex)可能会导致身体有太多的钙。


地高辛(Lanoxin)交互评级:温和的小心这个组合。跟你的健康提供者。

钙会影响你的心。地高辛(Lanoxin)是用来帮助你心跳更强。服用钙与地高辛(Lanoxin)可能增加的影响地高辛(Lanoxin)和导致心率不齐。如果你正在服用地高辛(Lanoxin),服用钙补充剂之前与你的医生。


地尔硫卓(CardizemDilacor,Tiazac)交互评级:温和的小心这个组合。跟你的健康提供者。

钙会影响你的心。地尔硫卓(Cardizem Dilacor Tiazac)也能影响你的心。服用大量的钙和地尔硫卓(Cardizem, Dilacor Tiazac)可能减少的有效性地尔硫卓(Cardizem, Dilacor Tiazac)。


左旋甲状腺素交互评级:温和的小心这个组合。跟你的健康提供者。

左旋甲状腺素用于甲状腺功能低下。钙可以减少左旋甲状腺素多少你的身体吸收。服用钙和左旋甲状腺素可以减少左旋甲状腺素的有效性。左旋甲状腺素和钙应采取至少4小时。

含有左旋甲状腺素包括一些品牌甲甲状腺Eltroxin Estre,Euthyrox,Levo-T,Levothroid,Levoxyl,Synthroid,Unithroid等等。


交互评级:温和的小心这个组合。跟你的健康提供者。

长期使用锂可以增加血液中的钙含量。带着锂钙补充剂会增加这种风险的钙含量过高。


Raltegravir (频道)交互评级:温和的小心这个组合。跟你的健康提供者。

Raltegravir(频道)是一种用于治疗艾滋病的药物。服用钙连同raltegravir(频道)几个月可能会减少血液中的raltegravir(频道)和减少它的影响。服用一剂钙连同raltegravir(频道)似乎并不影响血液中的raltegravir(频道)。


心得怡(Betapace)交互评级:温和的小心这个组合。跟你的健康提供者。

服用钙与心得怡(Betapace)可以减少多少心得怡(Betapace)你的身体吸收。服用钙和心得怡(Betapace)可能降低心得怡的有效性(Betapace)。为了避免这种相互作用,服用钙片前至少2小时或4小时后服用心得怡(Betapace)。


维拉帕米(卡兰Covera,Isoptin,Verelan)交互评级:温和的小心这个组合。跟你的健康提供者。

钙会影响你的心。维拉帕米(•卡兰从Isoptin Covera Verelan)也能影响你的心。不需要大量的钙,如果你正在服用维拉帕米(•卡兰从Isoptin Covera Verelan)。


水丸(噻嗪类利尿剂)交互评级:温和的小心这个组合。跟你的健康提供者。

一些“水丸”增加体内钙的数量。服用大量的钙和一些“水丸”可能会导致过多的钙在体内。这可能会导致严重的副作用,包括肾脏问题。

其中的一些“水丸”包括氯噻嗪(氯噻嗪)、氢氯噻嗪(HydroDIURIL Esidrix) indapamide (Lozol),美托拉宗(Zaroxolyn),氯噻酮(Hygroton)。


雌激素交互评级:小心这个组合。跟你的健康提供者。

雌激素能帮助你的身体吸收钙。服用雌激素药物以及大量的钙可能会增加体内钙太多。


治疗高血压(钙通道阻滞剂)交互评级:小心这个组合。跟你的健康提供者。

钙通道阻滞剂是一种医学用于高血压。钙可能会降低钙通道阻滞剂的影响当IV。然而,没有证据表明服用钙补充剂或食用含有钙的食物会影响钙通道阻滞剂。

一些药物对高血压包括硝苯地平(Adalat,Procardia),维拉帕米(•卡兰从Verelan Isoptin)、地尔硫卓(Cardizem) isradipine (DynaCirc)、非洛地平(Plendil),氨氯地平(Norvasc),和其他人。

剂量

以下剂量研究在科学研究:

嘴:

  • 防止低钙水平:1 - 2克元素钙每天通常使用。有时是用800国际单位的维生素D。
  • 心痛:0.5 - -1.5克碳酸钙作为需要。
  • 减少磷酸盐在成人慢性肾功能衰竭:每天1 - 6.5克的碳酸钙或醋酸钙。每日剂量分割,在两餐之间。
  • 预防骨质疏松(骨质疏松症)引起的皮质类固醇使用:分裂的每日剂量的0.5每天1克钙元素。
  • 减少甲状旁腺激素水平(甲状旁腺功能亢进):1.2 - 4克钙,通常作为碳酸盐岩盐。常用于结合低磷饮食或800国际单位的维生素D。
  • 预防骨质疏松(骨质疏松症):大多数专家建议每日服用1000 - 1200毫克的钙,防止骨质疏松和骨折。
  • 较低的骨密度增加胎儿的孕妇膳食钙摄入量:300 - 2000毫克/天,在第二个和第三个三学期制。
  • 对经前综合症(PMS):每天1 - 1.3克为碳酸钙。
  • 对预防结直肠癌和复发性结直肠良性肿瘤(腺瘤):2克/天。
  • 高胆固醇:每天1200毫克,单独或结合维生素D,被用于配合低脂或限制热量饮食。
  • 预防孕期高血压(子痫):每日1 - 2克元素钙碳酸钙。
  • 对预防结直肠癌和复发性结直肠良性肿瘤(腺瘤):钙1200 - 1600毫克/天。
  • 高胆固醇:1200毫克每日有或没有每天400 IU维生素D被用于配合低脂或限制热量饮食。
  • 高血压:每天0.4 - 2克长达4年。
  • 预防孕期高血压(子痫):每日1 - 2克元素钙碳酸钙。
  • 对预防老年人牙齿脱落:500毫克的钙以及每天700国际单位的维生素D 3年。
  • 减肥:钙800 - 1200毫克/天通常结合限制热量饮食已经使用。在某些情况下结合钙400国际单位的维生素D。
静脉注射(IV):
  • 低血钙水平:100 - 200毫克的钙作为丸剂量。
  • 血液中的高钾水平:20毫升的10%葡萄糖酸钙管理在大多数成年人5 - 10分钟。在成人服用地高辛剂量是在20 - 30分钟服用。
孩子们

嘴:

  • 防止氟中毒:结合钙125毫克,每日两次抗坏血酸和维生素D。
  • 高血压:每天1.5克8周被用于青少年。
静脉注射:
  • 血液中钾含量高:0.5毫升的10%葡萄糖酸钙管理/ 5 - 10分钟。
碳酸钙和柠檬酸钙钙的两种最常用的形式。

钙补充剂通常分为两个剂量每日为了增加吸收。最好在500毫克剂量的钙与食物或更少。

医学研究所发布推荐日摄食量(RDA)的钙摄入量的估计需要满足的要求几乎所有的健康个体的人口。当前RDA成立于2010年。RDA基于不同年龄如下:1 - 3岁,700毫克;4 - 8年,1000毫克;9到18年,1300毫克;年以上摄入1000毫克;男人51 - 70年,1000毫克;女性51 - 70年,1200毫克;70年以上,1200毫克;怀孕或哺乳期(19岁以下),1300毫克; Pregnant or Lactating (19-50 years), 1000 mg.

医学研究所还设置每日容许上层摄入量(UL)钙基于年龄:年龄0 - 6个月,1000毫克;6 - 12个月,1500毫克;1 - 3年,2500毫克;9到18年,3000毫克;年以上摄入2500毫克;51 +年,2000毫克。以上这些剂量水平应该被避免。

剂量每日推荐摄入量的1000 - 1300毫克/天,大多数成年人都与心脏病发作的风险增加有关。直到更多,继续每天摄入足量的钙以满足需求,但不过量的钙。一定要考虑总钙摄入量的饮食和补充来源,尽量不要超过每天1000 - 1300毫克的钙。膳食钙,数300毫克/天从市面上食品+ 300毫克/一杯牛奶或强化橙汁。

FDA的标志

美国食品和药物管理局报告问题

你鼓励报告负面影响FDA的处方药。参观FDA提交确证网站或致电1 - 800 - fda - 1088。

健康解决方案从我们的赞助商

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里德·d·M。,Hughes, R. A., Laan, R. F., Sacco-Gibson, N. A., Wenderoth, D. H., Adami, S., Eusebio, R. A., and Devogelaer, J. P. Efficacy and safety of daily risedronate in the treatment of corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis in men and women: a randomized trial. European Corticosteroid-Induced Osteoporosis Treatment Study. J Bone Miner Res 2000;15(6):1006-1013. View abstract.

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里德,i R。艾姆斯,R。,Mason, B., Bolland, M. J., Bacon, C. J., Reid, H. E., Kyle, C., Gamble, G. D., Grey, A., and Horne, A. Effects of calcium supplementation on lipids, blood pressure, and body composition in healthy older men: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;91(1):131-139. View abstract.

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